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Constitutional amendments timeline

Fifteen major amendments to the Constitution of India and what each one changed.

Amendment	Year	Key change
1st Amendment	1951	Added the Ninth Schedule and Articles 31A and 31B, added Article 15(4), and widened the restrictions on free speech in Article 19(2).
7th Amendment	1956	Reorganised States largely on linguistic lines and did away with the Part A, B, C and D categories of States.
24th Amendment	1971	Affirmed Parliament’s power to amend Fundamental Rights. Kesavananda Bharati later placed the basic structure limit on this power.
25th Amendment	1971	Limited the right to property compensation and added Article 31C.
42nd Amendment	1976	Wide-ranging changes. Added “socialist”, “secular” and “integrity” to the Preamble and added Fundamental Duties (Part IVA). Parts were struck down in Minerva Mills.
44th Amendment	1978	Removed the right to property from Fundamental Rights (now Article 300A) and added safeguards on the Emergency, including that Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended.
52nd Amendment	1985	Added the Tenth Schedule, the anti-defection law.
61st Amendment	1988	Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years.
73rd Amendment	1992	Gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions (Part IX).
74th Amendment	1992	Gave constitutional status to urban local bodies (Part IXA).
86th Amendment	2002	Inserted Article 21A, the right to education for children aged six to fourteen.
99th Amendment	2014	Created the National Judicial Appointments Commission. The Supreme Court struck it down in 2015 (reported at (2016) 5 SCC 1).
101st Amendment	2016	Introduced the Goods and Services Tax.
103rd Amendment	2019	Provided reservation for economically weaker sections (Articles 15(6) and 16(6)).
106th Amendment	2023	Women’s reservation: one-third of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, to take effect after the relevant census and delimitation.

Selected amendments only. The Constitution has been amended many times. Check the full list and the text of each Amendment Act on India Code. See also the Constitution at a glance. Last updated: October 2026.